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Carbon Steel is a widely used material in industries due to its strength, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. It primarily consists of iron and carbon, with other elements present in trace amounts. The carbon content significantly influences its properties, making it suitable for various applications.

1. Composition:

   • Primarily iron with 0.05% to 2.0% carbon content.
   • May contain trace amounts of elements like manganese, silicon, or copper to enhance properties.

2. Strength and Hardness:

   • Higher carbon content increases hardness and strength but decreases ductility and weldability.

3. Cost-Effective:

   • Affordable compared to many other metals, making it a popular choice for structural and industrial applications.

4. Machinability:

   • Low-carbon steels are easier to machine than high-carbon steels.
   • Heat treatments like annealing or tempering can modify machinability and mechanical properties.

5. Corrosion Resistance:

   • Limited compared to stainless steel, but protective coatings (e.g., galvanizing, painting) can improve resistance.

6. Magnetic Properties:

   • Carbon steel is typically magnetic, making it useful in applications requiring magnetic performance.

1. Low Carbon Steel (Mild Steel):

   • Carbon Content: 0.05%–0.25%.
   • Properties: High ductility, weldability, and malleability; lower tensile strength.
   • Applications: Structural steel, pipelines, automotive body panels, and sheet metal.

2. Medium Carbon Steel:

   • Carbon Content: 0.26%–0.60%.
   • Properties: Balanced strength, toughness, and wear resistance; reduced ductility compared to low carbon steel.
   • Applications: Gears, axles, rails, and machinery parts.

3. High Carbon Steel:

   • Carbon Content: 0.61%–1.0%.
   • Properties: Very strong and wear-resistant; lower weldability and ductility.
   • Applications: Cutting tools, blades, springs, and high-strength wires.

4. Ultra-High Carbon Steel:

   • Carbon Content: 1.0%–2.0%.
   • Properties: Extremely hard and brittle; requires specialized heat treatment for usability.
   • Applications: Knives, dies, and high-performance tools.